Urban Morphology
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Urban Morphology
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  • This is the distribution of different functions in a city

    The Bid-rent Theory

  • The Bid Rent Theory suggests different functions will bid differently for land in various parts of the city.
  • It suggests the more accessible the site of land, the higher is its value.
    Bid Rent Theory Diagram

    Factors Influencing Land Values

    1. Proximity to a secondary shopping center.
    2. Local Site Characteristics
    3. Government Policy
    4. Security

    Functional Zones Within a City

  • The CBD is the central, most accessible, most expensive part of a city
  • The Inner City is the area immediately surrounding the CBD. It has adverse social and economic conditions
  • The Industrial Zone
  • The Residential Zones. These are divided in 3 groups:
    1. Low Income: 1st generation immigrants and poorer groups.
    2. Middle Income: 2nd generation immigrants, and wealthier groups.
    3. High Class Residential: The wealthiest groups

    The Models of Urban Structure

  • There are three basic models of urban structure

    The Burgess Concentric Model

  • Burgess developed his model in 1924 based on a study of Chicago city
  • He arranged the zones in concentric circles around the CBD as shown in the diagram.
  • Land Values Decrease outward from the CBD.
    Burgess Concentric Model Diagram

    Hoyts Sector Model

  • Homer Hoyt proposed The model in 1939
  • It was based on a study of 142 American cities
  • It arranges the zones in sectors radiating from the CBD
    Hoyt's Sector Model Diagram

    Peter Mann's Model of a Typical British City

  • Peter Mann took Hoyt's and Burgess's models and combined them in his model of a typical British City in 1965.
  • He based his model on studies of Sheffield, Nottingham and Huddersfield.

    The Multi-Nuclei Theory

  • This theory was proposed by Ullmann and Harris in 1945.
  • It suggests that a city may have more than one nuclei/center apart from the CBD from which zones develop as shown in the diagram.

    Multi Nuclei Theory Diagram






    The Urban Field

  • The Urban field is the region economically and socially linked to a city.
  • It is also referred to as
    • Urban Regions:The commuter villages/communities dependent on large towns
    • Functional Regions:The regions to/from which a city exports and imports.
    • Hinterland:The area served by a seaport

    Other Notes in this Category

    1. Central Place Theory
    2. Christaller's CPT
    3. Definition
    4. Rank Size Rule and Primate City
    5. The growth of towns and cities
    6. Urban Morphology

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