Early Nationalist and Communist Activity
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• Nationalist Activity
• Faced by huge area of uncontrolled territory
• Tried negotiations, then launched wars against enemies
• Helped by
• Resources from base
• Foreign Aid
• Revenue from Maritime Customs Service
• Chiang in personal control
• Factions between Civil and Military
• Balanced so that he retained authority
• Reform in Urban China
• Education System
• Transportation and Communication Systems
• Decay in Rural China
• Heavy taxation
• Declining foreign markets for agricultural goods
• Foreign Affairs
• Unequal treaties remain
• Japan
• Incursions into Manchuria (Sept 1931)
• But "Unity before resistance"
• Communist Party Activity
• Set about creating 15 rural bases
• Culminated in Jiangxi Soviet 1931
• Mao's position is strengthened
• Mao advocated dissolution of United Front
• Official CCP line to accept Mao's judgement at face value
• Many historians now view it as possibly being influenced by
• Advocated rural rather than urban base
• Gained peasant support in areas controlled
• Personality
• Ferocious
• E.G: Futien incident 1930.
• While attempting to crush rival red army faction that were supposed GMD / Li Lisan Supporters, 3,000 officers executed.
• Given time to expand until 1934
• War around Shanghai 1932
• Japan 1931

Other Notes in this Category

1. Civil War 1937-1945
2. Civil War 1945-1949
3. Early Nationalist and Communist Activity
4. Long March 1934-5
5. War Against Japan 1937
6. Xian Incident Dec 1936
7. Yanaan 1936-45

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