Charlemagne and the Imperial Coronation of 800
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• Charlemagne needed imperial coronation of 800 only conceptual framework which could validate and make acceptable his rule of the Saxon aristocracy after he had defeated them.
• What causes hegemonies to expand into empires – P.A Breunt – acquired dominions fighting for own security, of for protection of their allies.
• Trade, settlement and protection for empire – Palestine protects India –
• Carolingian expansion important aspects in terms of the Rhineland – important for Carolingian civilisation – churches of Cologne, Mainz and Worms further south – important for Carolingian expansion, importance Rhine trade  - Dorestad massive increase activity 780s nd 820s – Rhine wines, trade into Ipswich, sizeable volume as shown by coins circulating in north-west Europe in Charlemagne’s times – Metcalf’s says a million.  Artery of Carolingian cultural and economic life – Charlemagne frequent visitor, yet territory between Rhine and West no natural protection frompagan Saxons to the east and West – Einhard suggests its vulnerability -  “flat, open country
• If Charlemagne to protect Rhine had to control Weser prvent free movement of Saxons between the two rivers – permanently defend this river needs to beat and Christianise Saxons – Wallace-Hadrill “to the Franks, no pacification of hostile peoples seemed possible until these peoples spoke the same religious language and accepted the moralities of dealings as between Christians” -

Other Notes in this Category

1. After Charles the Bald
2. Aquitaine
3. Caroligians - Vikings and Frankish Empire
4. Charlemagne and the Imperial Coronation of 800
5. Crisis 829 – 30
6. Ecclesia Francorum
7. Evaluation of Charles the Bald in relation to his predecessors
8. Frankish Gaul to 814 - Paul Fourace
9. Frankish Kingdoms 814 – 898 – The West
10. Germany In The Early Middle Ages – Reuter
11. Judith Herrin – Carolingian Innovation From The Formation Of Christendom
12. Lateran Synod 769
13. Populus Francorum
14. Regnum and Regna
15. Scandinavians and Others
16. The Emergence Of The East Franksih Kingdom 800 – 43
17. The end of Carolingian Expansion - Timothy Reuter
18. Varities of Viking Impact - Seine

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