Introduction
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• 300 – 800 massive change, A.H.M Jones “aggregate of cities” – classical urban model different between cities.  Static or monolithic image of city no – coherence yes.
• Expression central authority and private patronage – array of institutions and monuments, amenities and services, streets ad walls, baths sewers, active urban society
• 3^rd century onwards this semblance begins to disappear 0 few regions towns disappear altogether 0 majority of centres endured, looked different Islam and Christianity major structural reorganisations, need for security and risk of attack led to walls and citadels.  Religious buildings dominate urban landscape – accompanying decline public and private expenditure on urban monuments encouraged slow but steady erosion of civic monuments
• Functions of town differ
• Byzantium Empire- successor sates exploit Roman legacy, later than in the west.
• New towns developed on frontiers  -  like Dorestad.  Distinction between homogeneity 4^th century and 8^th century variegated forms of urban life – not too sharply but transition has taken place.

Other Notes in this Category

1. Continuity – but of what?
2. Introduction
3. Urban Continuity

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