Manufacture of ammonia
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Uses of ammonia: Manufacture of nitric acid Fertilisers (ammonium sulphate) Manufacture of fibres (nylons, dyes) Raw materials of ammonia: N2 gas obtained from the air H2 gas obtained from methane Reactions: CH4 + H2O --> CO + 3H2 Methane is heated with steam to produce hydrogen N2 + 3H2 2NH3 Conditions: Temperature of approx. 2500 because a low temperature moves the equilibrium in the exothermic direction therefore the yield of ammonia is increased. However at a low temperature, the rate of production of ammonia is very slow. There a four mols of gas on the left and 2 on the right of the equation so a low pressure will move the equilibrium position to the right hand side. An iron catalyst is used to increase the rate of attainment of the equilibrium. Other: Because the reaction is exothermic, the energy released is used to maintain the temperature of the system. Unreacted H2 and N2 are reused.

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