Trade, aid and interdependency
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What is infant mortality?

• Infant mortality is the number of children under 5 who die for every 1000 children born.

How can the no. of deaths in an ELDC from disease or malnutrition be reduced?

• The number of deaths in an ELDC from disease or malnutrition can be reduced by sending aid (charity) to the country so that the country can produce a wider range of food. A clean supply of water can be constructed using funding from EMDCs to reduce the risk of catching water related diseases. Or the country can be encouraged to improve their health care systems.

Why do countries trade with each other?

• Countries trade with each other to obtain goods which cannot be produced in their own country, for example an ELDC may import manufactured goods from an ELDC. An ELDC may also set up trade to become more developed and an EMDC may trade with an ELDC to gain a profit as the type of goods they export (manufactured goods) are high in value and the goods they import and cheaper.

How can an ELDC control pests?

• To control pests in an ELDC, the country can import pesticides from EMDCs to e.g. spray locusts.

Why is it difficult to control pests in an ELDC?

• It is difficult to control pests in an ELDC because ELDCs have little money to spend on pesticides and vaccines. The country may have a poor water supply. There is a lack of education and agricultural training among farmers.

How can improving education improve living conditions?

• Improving education improves the number of people who are able to get professional jobs. These people can earn money and increase the GNP which increases the amount of money that can be spent on improving living conditions.

How can government policies affect the development of resources?

• Government policies can affect the development of resources because the government may be corrupt and not spend money received in the form of bilateral aid on projects which will develop resources. Money may be spent on other things such as weapons for selling to EMDCs. The government may also follow policies which favour only the rich in the country so development as a whole in the country will not happen. The country may encourage foreign firms to invest in the country so any profits will return to the home country.

What is third world debt?

• Third World Debt is when an ELDC receives tied aid or loans from EMDCs which needs to be paid back. An ELDC may have to import certain types of goods which are expensive and get into national dept. The country may also have to spend money received from other countries on specific projects e.g. energy schemes, industry which are expensive to maintain which means the country has a 3rd World Debt.

Other Notes in this Category

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2. Energy Resources
3. Energy Resources - 2
4. London Urban Redevelopment Docklands Case Study
5. Seismographs
6. Shanty Towns: push and pull factors
7. Soil Erosion and acid rain
8. Trade, aid and interdependency

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