1. What, in a sentence, is the likely  value of sexual reproduction?

One function of sexual reproduction, perhaps the most basic is to provide a mechanism of gentic recombination that can repair damage to the genome.

2. Name two systems which regulate sex determination in animals and give an example of an animal which employs each of them.

Crocodile has temperature dependency to regulate sex determination –33 degrees for boys and 29 degrees for girls. Fruit flies – a dose dependent basis.

3. Name three essential differences between the male and female gametes, relating each to a specific function.

The egg is larger than the spem so the sperm so fusion can take place, there sperm is different in shape because of movement and entrance . They both differ in nutrient content and behaviour.The egg manufactures chemicals and generates energy.

4. What is parthenogenesis?

The production of eggs that may involve the regular process of meiosis, followed by fusion to restore diploidy.

5. What is the main feature of animals in a ‘clone’?

It is identical to the egg that has donated DNA.

6. Name two methods for diagnosing the sex of a child in utero

The moment of gamete fusion is the moment of the determination of sex since that is the time when either the xx or xy combination is achieved. The differentiation of sexual characteristics takes place duringthe period of development in the embryo an dcontinues maturation to adulthood, guided and moduled by genetic and physiological properties of the individual/

7. Outline one system for predetermining the sex of a child

Wolffian system.

-needs steroid hormones from testes.

-these androgens (testosterone and dihdrotestosterone stimulate wolffian system.

-allows formation of male system

-masculinizing effect.

8. Name two sex-linked diseases

H.I.V and Syphilis.

9. What do the acronyms IVF and ICSI represent?

IN VITRO FERTILISATION –Females

INTRA CYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION-males.

10. What sort of reproductive problems would be treated by IVF?

Women who cant have children

11. What sort of reproductive problems would be solved by ICSI, but not IVF?

Low sperm count.

12. Name three ‘natural methods for contraception.

Rhythm Method

Withdrawal

Continue Breast feeding.

13. Name three systems of hormonal contraception.

Douches

Vagianl spermicides

Pills

14. Name three non-hormonal contraceptive systems.

Condom

Diaphragm

Intrauterine contraceptive devices.

15. What are pheromones?

Females produce phermones, or sex attractant chemicals , which stimulates males to their source so they can accomplish mating.

16. Are male and female central nervous systems physiologically different - and if so, in what way?

17. According to the general model, which sex would perform best in the following:

(a) map reading; (b) remembering faces; (c) ‘multitasking’

Male, female , female.