Enzyme Quiz
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Enzymes act as    _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _      which speed up metabolic reactions.

They are a type of    _ _ _ _ _ _ _  . molecule,  which are polymers of  smaller

_ _ _ _ _     _ _ _ _ _     joined into along chain . These chains coil into a  _ _ _ _ _ _             and then fold up to produce a particular shape.

Their activity depends upon their shape, which is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _   . They are relatively fragile and  _ _ _ _ _ _ _    in water.

The shape can be destroyed by various factors, which include changes in  

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _    ,     _ _   ,    solvents and metal ions.

Each enzyme is  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _     to a particular reaction i.e. it will catalyse only one reaction.  Enzymes are now named according to what they act on e.g. urease catalyses the hydrolysis ( splitting ) of urea but older names do not reflect this.

One model of the way enzymes work is the Lock and  _ _ _  Theory.  The enzyme has a shape on it’s surface, called the  _ _ _ _ _ _  site, which fits the substrate molecule ( the one it acts on) . The substrate binds into this site, is held by a particular charge pattern, reacts and then leaves as the product(s).

As the enzyme is not changed in each reaction it can act over and over again and a few enzyme molecules can catalyse many  _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _    molecules.

The number of molecules that one enzyme can catalyse in a minute is called the

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _    number. This can be from 15 to 36 million.

Many enzymes need another molecule or metal ion, called a cofactor,  to be present to work . Many   _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _     are cofactors to enzymes ( and are called coenzymes).

Amounts of enzymes are regulated in various ways so that reactions do not get out of _ _ _ _ _ _ _  e.g. by a gene turning off production , by other enzymes in  feedback mechanisms and by hormones.

substrate               pH               protein              control              turnover

active                    spiral            globular            soluble              temperature

key                       vitamins        catalysts           amino acids      spesific

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